Diarrhea in children

Diarrhea in children

Loose motion in children

Diarrhea in children

WHAT IS DIARRHEA

Diarrhea or loose motion is loss of water and electrolyte in stool.Mind it it is equal importance of both water and electrolyte.Many time it is said that diarrhea is loss of water but both electrolyte and water equally comes out of body in diarrhea.

Normaly Infants can pass three to eight stool per day  but when frequency is doubled the usual day then it should be considered diarrhea.

हिंदी में जानकारी के लिए वीडियो देखें

By definition diarrhea is three or more then three time passes of watery stool per day.Watery means it should be runny in nature.

In term of water loss when water is lost in stool more then 10ml/kg/ day this is called diarrhea.

However consistency is more important then frequency when we talk about diarrhea.
Infective diarrhea can be due to virus ,bacteria ,parasite etc.

TYPE OF DIARRHEA

It is called an acute diarrhea when it is for less then 14 days
And chronic diarrhea if it persist for more then 14 days.

CAUSATIVE FACTOR OF DIARRHEA

On the basis of causative factor it can be Infective diarrhea and non infective diarrhea.

While European get infected mostly by salmonella,campylobacter, clostridium,and E.coli.

Asian and African get infected most commonly by rota virus,cryptosporidium,E.coli,V.cholera,shigella

 
Traveller diarrhea is bacterial in 80% of cases.
In low socioeconomic and less then 5 year age group viral diarrhea is more common due to rota virus ,norvirus, astro virus,entric adenovirus.


RISK FACTOR IN DIARRHEA

Less then 6 month of age
Top feed baby/bottle feed
Malnutrition
Immunodeficiency
Traveller diarrhea
Chronic illness
Systemic infection with diarrhea

IMP HISTARY TAKING POINT IN DIARRHEA PATIENT

Duration of diarrhea
Blood or mucus in stool
Frequency
Vomiting
Systemic symptom
Feeding habbits,
Drug intake
Immunization status

HOW TO CLASSIFY DIARRHEA ON THE BASIS OF DEHYDRATION

Mild dehydration, 3% wt loss

Moderate dehydration , 3-6 percent wt loss

Sever dehydration, 6-9 percent wt loss

WHEN TO VISIT DOCTOR

If any of the following occurs then must visit a doctor

Blood/mucous in stool,

high fever,

not passed urine for more then 4 hr,

and sign of dehydration like-like irritability,

sunken eyes, 

decreased tears,

dry tounge, 

Increased thirst  ,

skin pinch delayed etc.

HOW TO PREVENT DIARRHEA

Food hygiene ,

water hygiene,

toilet hygiene,

travelling precautions

Vaccinations

WHAT TO EAT AND WHAT TO AVOID IN DIARRHEA

Take coconut water,

milk,thin daal,lassi and juice without sugar.

Avoid-coffee and tea,

sweet lassi and juice,

avoid fatty and oily food, artificial sweetener like sorbitol and mannitol,and some time lactose rich diet and fructose rich fruits also increase diarrhea

TREATMENT OF DIARRHEA

ORS very useful it decrease stool out put by 25 percen and vomiting by 30 percent.

Zinc 10mg in less then 6 month 

and 20 mg in more then 6 month of age for 14 days.

Probiotics and racecadotril

WHEN TO START ANTIBIOTICS IN DIARRHEA

General practitioner usually priscribe the antibiotic in 51 percent of diarrhea case however use of 

Antibiotic is not advised  for acute diarrhea by WHO,

expect in some conditions like

1-severe case,severe dehydrated

2-bacterial diarrheal symptom like fever,pain abdomen(abdominal cramps)

blood in stool,

fecal leucocyte ,singh of systemic infection,

Salmonella,cholera,shigella,campylobacter confirmed cases and traveller diarrhea