VACCINATION GUIDELINE 2019-2020 -IAP

             VACCINATION GUIDELINE 2019-2020 (IAP)

                   AN OVERVIEW OF  THE CURRENT SITUATION OF VACCINATION IN INDA

Universal Immunization Programme is a vaccination program launched by the Government of India in 1985. later it became a part of the Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme in 1992 and is currently under the National Rural Health Mission(NRHM) since 2005. The program now consists of vaccination for the following twelve diseases–tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis(whooping cough), tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles, hepatitis B, diarrhea, Japanese encephalitis, rubella, pneumonia (Haemophilus Influenzae TypeB) and Pneumococcal diseases (Pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis). Hepatitis B and pneumococcal diseases were added to the UIP in 2007 and 2017, respectively. The other additions in UIP through the way are IPV, rotavirus vaccine (RVV), and measles-rubella (MR) vaccine. 

Four new vaccines have has been introduced into the country’s UIP, including the injectable polio vaccine, an adult vaccine against Japanese encephalitis and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) for vaccination. pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) available in private sector clinics only at present in India. PCV will be introduced in a phased manner in the Indian gov vaccination program in the coming years.

The government of India has included many new vaccines in the last decade of the Immunization Programme. This includes the birth dose of hepatitis B, pentavalent vaccine, measles and rubella (MR) in place of the measles vaccine at 9 months and of rotavirus vaccine and pneumococcal vaccines in selected states in a phased manner.MMR is also being given in some states of India.

Note-Give Td-2 or booster doses before 36 weeks of pregnancy. However, give these even if
more than 36 weeks have passed. Td should be given to a woman in labor if she has not previously
received Td.
JE vaccine (SA 14-14-2) is given in select endemic districts after the campaign is over in
that district.
Rubella vaccine will be given as part of the measles second dose.
The second to ninth doses of vitamin -A can be administered to children 1–5 years old during
biannual rounds, in collaboration with Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS).

VACCINATION GUIDELINE 2019- 2020 -IAP

VACCINATION GUIDELINE 2019-2020 -IAP

The vaccination coverage at present with UPI vaccines is far from completed despite the long-standing commitment to universal coverage. While gains in coverage proved to be rapid throughout the 1980s, taking off from a below 20% coverage in 1980 to about 60% coverage in 2009 for some vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), subsequent gains have been limited Estimates from the 2009 Coverage Evaluation

Survey (CES 2009) indicate that only 61% of children aged 12–23 months were fully vaccinated (received BCG, measles, and three doses of DPT and polio vaccines), and 7.6% had received no vaccinations at all.

VACCINATION GUIDELINE 2019-2020 -IAP

VACCINATION GUIDELINE 2019-2020 -IAP

   There is also a tremendous heterogeneity in state and district levels immunization coverage in India. In the recent District Level Health Survey-3 (2007–08), full immunization coverage of children varies from 30% in Uttar Pradesh, 41% in Bihar, 62% in Orissa to 90% in Goa. Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Punjab, and Pondicherry have above 80% Coverage. In CES 2009, the top 5 reasons for poor immunization coverage have been found to be:

Number one-Did did not feel the need (28.2%), people think that they are not at risk and no need to vaccinate their children.

Number two-Not knowing about vaccines (26.3%)-many people have no knowledge of vaccines due to lack of communication with health workers.
,

Number three- Not knowing where to go for vaccination (10.8%), people don't know where the is the vaccine given and where to go for the vaccine which is not available in govt hospitals.

Number four-Time not convenient (8.9%), many labor class people cant take leave because it will cause money loss to them and on Sunday they can't go to get their children vaccinated as all hospital remains closed on Sunday and holidays.

Number five-fear of side effects (8.1%), Many people think that this will cause some side effect in long term and they have some misconceptions also about many vaccines.

 Other reasons were like, do not have time, wrong advice by someone , cannot afford the cost, vaccine not available, place not convenient, auxiliary nurse midwife (ANM) absent, long waiting time, place too far, services not available .

There are many things a doctor should keep in mind while vaccinating a child to read this pls click the link  General instructions for vaccination 

 An urgent need at present is to strengthen routine immunization coverage in the country with EPI vaccines. India is self-sufficient in the production of vaccines used in UIP. As such the availability of the vaccine is not an issue.
For improving coverage, immunization there is certainly a need for introducing innovative methods and practices. In Bihar, “Muskan Ek Abhiyan” an innovative initiative started in 2007 is a good example, With a partnership of government organization and other agencies, full vaccination coverage, a mere 19% in 2005 but zoomed to 49% in 2009.
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The last couple of decades have seen the advent of many new vaccines in the private Indian market. In fact, most vaccines available in the developed world are available in India.

catch-up vaccination and adolescent vaccination guidelines click the link-

 Catch-up vaccination / Adolescent vaccination

Immunization is considered among the most cost-effective health investments. 
In the United States, cost-benefit analysis indicates that every dollar invested in a vaccine dose saves the US $2 to the US $27 in health expenses. 
( READ IN DETAIL HOW TO CUT SHORT THE TREATMENT Cut short the treatment cost)

However, most of these vaccines are at present accessible only to those who can afford to pay for them. Paradoxically, these vaccines are most often required by those that cannot afford them.
हालांकि, इनमें से अधिकांश टीके वर्तमान में केवल उन्हीं लोगों के लिए सुलभ हैं जो उनके लिए भुगतान कर सकते हैं। विरोधाभासी रूप से, इन टीकों की सबसे अधिक आवश्यकता उन्हीं लोगो को होती है जो उन्हें खरीद नहीं सकते है..या जिन तक उनकी पहुंच नहीं है ।

The note-this article follows the current IAP vaccination guideline and has been written for the benefit of medical students and pediatricians in India. If readers need more detail information on any particular vaccine please write in the comment box.

Medical students and pediatrician read also about General instructions for vaccination

I will write in detail about that vaccine with the latest vaccination guidelines 2019-2020 of IAP.
 
 Thank you readers...for more info about the general care of newborn
click here-CARE OF NEWBORN